错误：无法在 Python 中为 pycuda 构建轮子

ERROR: Could not build wheels for pycuda in Python

要解决“Could not build wheels for pycuda”错误，请运行
pip install --upgrade pip命令升级您的pip版本并重新运行
pip install pycuda命令。

错误无法为pycuda构建轮子

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ERROR: Failed building wheel for pycuda
Failed to build pycuda
ERROR: Could not build wheels for pycuda, which is required to install pyproject.toml-based projects

首先，如果您使用的是 Linux，请安装先决条件。

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# 👇️ Debian (Ubuntu)
sudo apt-get install python3-dev

# 👇️ CentOS, RHEL
sudo yum install python3-devel

# 👇️ Fedora
sudo dnf install python3-devel

# 👇️ openSUSE
sudo zypper in python3-devel

# 👇️ Alpine
sudo apk add python3-dev

# 👇️ Cygwin
apt-cyg install python3-devel

错误的最常见原因是具有过时的版本pip。

以下是pip在所有操作系统上升级的命令。

哪个命令有效取决于您的操作系统和 Python 版本。

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# 👇️ if you have pip already installed
pip install --upgrade pip

# 👇️ if your pip is aliased as pip3 (Python 3)
pip3 install --upgrade pip

# 👇️ if you don't have pip in your PATH environment variable
python -m pip install --upgrade pip

# 👇️ if you don't have pip in your PATH environment variable
python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip

# 👇️ if you have easy_install
easy_install --upgrade pip

# 👇️ if you get a permissions error
sudo easy_install --upgrade pip

# 👇️ if you get a permissions error when upgrading pip
pip install --upgrade pip --user

# 👇️ upgrade pip scoped to the current user (if you get permissions error)
python -m pip install --user --upgrade pip
python3 -m pip install --user --upgrade pip

# 👇️ Installing directly from get-pip.py (MacOS and Linux)
curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | python

# 👇️ if you get permissions issues
curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | sudo python

# 👇️ alternative for Ubuntu/Debian
sudo apt-get update && apt-get upgrade python-pip

# 👇️ alternative for Red Hat / CentOS / Fedora
sudo yum install epel-release
sudo yum install python-pip
sudo yum update python-pip

现在pip已经升级，尝试运行pip install pycuda命令。

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pip install pycuda
pip3 install pycuda

python -m pip install pycuda
python3 -m pip install pycuda

# 👇️ for Anaconda
conda install -c conda-forge pycuda

如果错误未解决，请同时升级setuptools和wheel软件包。

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pip install --upgrade setuptools wheel

pip3 install --upgrade setuptools wheel

python3 -m pip install --upgrade setuptools wheel

升级后尝试重新运行该pip install命令。setuptoolswheel

如果这没有帮助，请尝试使用该
选项运行pip install命令。--upgrade

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pip install pycuda --upgrade
pip3 install pycuda --upgrade

python -m pip install pycuda --upgrade
python3 -m pip install pycuda --upgrade

如果错误未解决，请尝试安装带有
--no-cache-dir禁用缓存选项的软件包。

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pip install pycuda --no-cache-dir
pip3 install pycuda --no-cache-dir

如果这没有帮助，请使用该--pre选项来包括包的预发布和开发版本。

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pip install pycuda --pre
pip3 install pycuda --pre

python -m pip install pycuda --pre
python3 -m pip install pycuda --pre

该--pre选项使其pip包含包的预发布和开发版本。默认情况下pip只查找稳定版本。

这有时会有所帮助，因为包的预发布版本可能适用于您的 Python 版本。 wheel

如果错误未解决，请尝试运行带选项的pip install命令
。--no-use-pep517

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pip install --no-use-pep517 pycuda
pip3 install --no-use-pep517 pycuda

python -m pip install --no-use-pep517 pycuda
python3 -m pip install --no-use-pep517 pycuda

如果这没有帮助，请尝试安装另一个版本的pycuda.

pip install package==您可以通过运行命令来检查包的可用版本
。

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pip install pycuda==

pip 列出包的所有可用版本

输出包含包的所有版本的元组，从最旧的版本到最新的版本。

选择另一个版本的包并尝试安装它。这是一个例子。

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pip install pycuda==2021.1
pip3 install pycuda==2021.1

如果这没有帮助，请尝试创建一个虚拟环境。

创建虚拟环境

要解决“Could not build wheels for pycuda”错误：

创建一个虚拟环境。
激活虚拟环境。
在虚拟环境处于活动状态的情况下运行pip install命令。

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# 👇️ use correct version of Python when creating VENV
python3 -m venv venv

# 👇️ activate on Unix or MacOS
source venv/bin/activate

# 👇️ activate on Windows (cmd.exe)
venv\Scripts\activate.bat

# 👇️ activate on Windows (PowerShell)
venv\Scripts\Activate.ps1

# 👇️ install the specific package in the virtual environment
pip install pycuda

如果该python3 -m venv venv命令不起作用，请尝试以下 2 个命令：

python -m venv venv
py -m venv venv

确保根据您的操作系统和 shell 使用正确的命令来激活您的虚拟环境。

您的虚拟环境将使用用于创建它的 Python 版本。

检查包是否支持您的 Python 版本

当您尝试安装的包不适wheels用于您的 Python 版本时，有时会导致错误“Could not build wheels for pycuda”。

您可以在 pycuda 的 pypi 页面pycuda侧栏中的 Meta > Description 下查看 Python 版本
支持。

If your version of Python isn’t supported by pycuda, you can download a
version in the supported range from the
official python.org website.

Make sure to tick the following options if you get prompted:

Install launcher for all users (recommended)
Add Python to PATH (this adds Python to your PATH environment variable)

Try running pip install in verbose mode #

If none of the suggestions helped, try running the pip install command in
verbose mode.

shell


pip install pycuda -vvv

pip3 install pycuda -vvv

python -m pip install pycuda -vvv

The -v option stands for verbose mode and can be used up to 3 times.

When the pip install command is run in verbose mode, the command shows more
output and how the error occurred.

Conclusion #

要解决“Could not build wheels for pycuda”错误，请运行
pip install --upgrade pip命令升级您的pip版本并重新运行
pip install pycuda命令。

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