从 Python 中的字典中排除特定键

作者

在 Python 中从字典中排除特定键

Exclude specific keys from a Dictionary in Python

从字典中排除特定键：

  1. 使用该dict.items()方法获取字典项目的视图。
  2. 使用字典理解来迭代项目。
  3. 从字典中排除指定的键。
主程序
my_dict = {
    'id': 1,
    'name': 'bobbyhadz',
    'age': 30,
    'language': 'python'
}


def exclude_keys(dictionary, keys):
    return {
        key: value for key, value in dictionary.items()
        if key not in keys
    }


result = exclude_keys(my_dict, ['id', 'age'])
print(result)  # 👉️ {'name': 'bobbyhadz', 'language': 'python'}

result = exclude_keys(my_dict, ['id', 'language'])
print(result)  # 👉️ {'name': 'bobbyhadz', 'age': 30}

dict.items方法返回字典
项（（键，值）对）的新视图。

主程序
my_dict = {
    'id': 1,
    'name': 'bobbyhadz',
    'age': 30,
    'language': 'python'
}

# 👇️ dict_items([('id', 1), ('name', 'bobbyhadz'), ('age', 30), ('language', 'python')])
print(my_dict.items())

我们使用字典理解来迭代视图。

字典理解与列表理解非常相似。

他们对字典中的每个键值对执行一些操作，或者选择满足条件的键值对的子集。

On each iteration, we use the not in operator to check if the current key is
not in the list of keys to exclude.

main.py
def exclude_keys(dictionary, keys):
    return {
        key: value for key, value in dictionary.items()
        if key not in keys
    }

The
in operator
tests for membership. For example, x in l evaluates to True if x is a
member of l, otherwise it evaluates to False.

x not in l returns the negation of x in l.

The exclude_keys function returns a new dictionary that doesn’t contain the
specified keys.

If you need to remove the keys from the original dictionary, use the
dict.pop() method in a for loop.

main.py
my_dict = {
    'id': 1,
    'name': 'bobbyhadz',
    'age': 30,
    'language': 'python'
}


keys_to_remove = ['id', 'age']

for key in keys_to_remove:
    my_dict.pop(key, None)

print(my_dict) # 👉️ {'name': 'bobbyhadz', 'language': 'python'}

We used a for loop to iterate over the keys to be removed.

On each iteration, we use the dict.pop() method to remove the key from the
dictionary.

如果字典中不存在指定的键，则该dict.pop()方法采用要返回的默认值。

如果您不提供默认值并且键不在字典中，
KeyError则会引发 a 。

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